Step 1: Measuring Change - Making Comparisons
Rationale
The essence of doing an evaluation is measuring change. Did the program change the things it set out to change?
You will compare similar things, people, and events
- before, as compared to during and/or after the program and/or
- receiving the intervention as compared to not receiving the intervention
Important: It is very important to compare similar things, events or people. You will only be able to claim to have found change if you are comparing “apples” with “apples” rather than with “oranges”!
Ideally, you would try to make comparisons pre- and post-program and between the program group and a comparison group. If resources are scarce, you will have to decide which of these comparisons to make.
In all of these comparisons, many things can happen which could distort your findings. It’s important to avoid as many of these biases as possible and to take into account those you cannot avoid.
Task 1: For each of the main evaluation questions, decide if and how you will construct baseline, midline and/or endline assessments.
Tips: Constructing a BaseLine
Tips: Pros and Cons of Using Different Comparisons
Tips: When is the Endline the End?
Task 2: For each of the main evaluation questions, decide if you will use a comparison group and what comparison group it will be
Comparison groups are particularly useful:
- When no baseline or midline exists
- When you prefer to have more rigorous evidence that the observed changes are actually due to the program
Tips:Selecting a Comparison Group
Tips:Pros and Cons of Using Different Comparisons
Tips:What About a Control Group?
Tips: A Question of Rigor
Logical Framework: Fill in Column 3 of the Logical Framework ONLINE
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Option 1: 
Download Word version of the log frame in order to work on your own computer. We highly recommend you download it to your PC before working in it. The Word version is best for modifying the form to suit your needs, for example, adding rows and columns.
Option 2: 
Download PDF version of the log frame in order to print. PDF files are best for viewing and printing.
Option 3: 
Fill out the form Online. To enable you to view the entire form at a glance, we have restricted the number of characters to be entered into each text box. Therefore, we only recommend using the online form if you do not need to enter a lot of information. In order to use the online form, you will first need to create an account, and then log in
Task 3: Take precautions to avoid biases in all your comparisons
Tips: Avoiding Biases in Your Comparisons
